The interested reader can check the previous articles (links: sample skeleton driver and loading the skeleton driver) before going through this article. In the sample skeleton driver, a set of callbacks were defined and later registered with the Linux network stack. The code snippet is shown below In the above code snippets, the network device […]

The skeleton network device driver that is discussed in the current article can be found in this previous article here . Kindly refer the code which can be used to compile a network skeleton drive module, loaded and can be used to perform a few basic network operations to understand Linux networking. Compile the code […]

The below sample network driver does pretty much nothing. Hence, the term skeleton network driver. It does allow the understanding of basic concepts regarding how a network device driver works in the Linux kernel. The network devices are connected to the network stack and communicate with the outside world using network packets. The network device […]

The previous article (here) discussed a few of the commonly used Socket Buff (SKB) APIs to modify the socket buffer allocated. The below APIs are also used to access different regions of the buffer or to act on the buffer in a desired manner and more widely seen. There are quite a few APIs that […]

The SKB structure buffer for data is manipulated using various support APIs. Some of the APIs are described below with a pictorial representation of how the operation takes place.  A few other SKB APIs

The Authentication key management (AKM) that is introduced for Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) is AKM type 18. The RFC 8110 describes OWE operation. The below excerpt from the RFC shows the OWE IE that is part of the RSN element. The Key management type is mentioned as “This document” to refer to RFC 8110. RFC […]

The Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange previously discussed (Here), was utilized to create a new Wi-Fi connectivity standard. It intended to provide a level of security to open Wi-Fi networks used in public places. Normally, public places such as Cafes, airports etc. had Wi-Fi open system connectivity. It had the following drawbacks: Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (or […]

WPA3 enterprise does not use SAE. It uses EAP packet handshake to generate a PMK. There are three modes of operation provided in the standard. The salient points for the Enterprise modes as described in the WPA3 standard are as follows: Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)

The RSNXE contains additional information needed to establish an Robust Security Network Association (RSNA). It is part of the beacon, probe response, association and re-association frames sent during Wi-Fi connection. It is a set of 1-bit fields (other than the first 4 bits indicates RSNXE length) which indicate whether a feature is supported or not […]